COMPARATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Abstract

Anesthetic agents lose local sensitivity. Since this group of drugs primarily relieves the sensation of pain, they are mainly used for the purpose of leaving local pain (anesthesia). As anesthesia deepens, temperature and other types of sensitivity gradually disappear, and lastly, tactile sensation and pressure. Most anesthetics have 3 main parts: an aromatic structure, an intermediate chain and an amino group. The aromatic structure is lipophilic, and the amino group is hydrophilic. The middle part of the molecule usually consists of an aliphatic chain, composed of complex esters or amides. Considering the structure of anesthetics, it can be assumed that their interaction with the membrane of nerve fibers involves both polar (amino group) and non-polar lipophilic (aromatic) groups. The effect of local analgesics increases under the influence of narcotic drugs, narcotic hypnotics, antipsychotics and opioid analgesics, and decreases when used in combination with MNS-stimulating agents (analeptics).