THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA: NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with a high prevalence of inflammatory lesions in the oral mucosa, manifesting as a distinct spectrum of clinical and histopathological alterations. The progression of uremia correlates with a shift in local immune reactivity, endothelial dysfunction, and accumulation of metabolic byproducts in the oral cavity. The review integrates current clinical findings and mechanistic evidence linking salivary hypofunction, altered microbiocenosis, and immunosuppressive pharmacotherapy to the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases in CRF patients. Specific attention is given to xerostomia, uremic stomatitis, candidiasis, lichen planus, and vascular-associated mucosal bleeding. The article evaluates the limitations of symptomatic treatment in the context of sustained renal impairment and proposes novel therapeutic algorithms, including targeted antimicrobial regimens, cytokine-modulating agents, and pre-transplant oral rehabilitation protocols. Interdisciplinary coordination between nephrology and oral medicine is positioned as a critical component of patient management, particularly in pre-dialysis and post-transplant cohorts.