Development of Pid Controller Formula for Object Manipulation Using Sensor Systems

Abstract

This article reviews sensor-based vision and sensing technologies used in robotics and automated control systems for object detection and manipulation. Robotic manipulators operating in uncertain environments use a variety of sensors to ensure accuracy, reliability, and adaptability: visual sensors (cameras), force and torque sensors, rangefinders (LIDAR, ultrasound), and inertial sensors. This article analyzes inter-sensor integration, multi-sensor data processing, and algorithms for real-time object detection and manipulation. It also examines the possibilities of improving sensing systems with modern machine learning approaches.