OBLIGATORY AND FACULTATIVE PRECANCEROUS DISEASES OF THE MUCOUS LAYER OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND THE RED BORDER OF THE LIPS

Abstract

This article explores obligatory and facultative precancerous diseases in the oral cavity and red lip border. It addresses their pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and surveillance. Obligatory conditions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis exhibit distinct characteristics and higher malignant potential. Facultative conditions such as oral lichen planus and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pose diagnostic challenges due to varied presentations and malignant risks. Diagnostic approaches involve clinical examination, histopathological assessment, and ancillary investigations. Management includes conservative measures, surgical intervention, adjunctive therapies, and long-term surveillance. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for effective management and reducing the burden of oral cancer.