Cadmium and Nickel Concentrations in Urine from Patients with Lung Cancer Compared with Controls in Iraq

Abstract

In recent years, human concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals have received great attention. It can be noted that many diseases can occur as a result of the increase or decrease in these elements, such as obesity. In addition, a sample of 50 identified lung cancer patients was compared with 20 healthy volunteers. The study aims to show the relationship between cadmium and nickel, to demonstrate how they contribute to the increased risk of lung cancer. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher used the flameless atomic absorption technique in order to limit the concentrations and treat them.