THE INFLUENCE OF SCANDINAVIAN AND FRENCH ON SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH VOCABULARY

Abstract

This article explores the historical and linguistic influences of Scandinavian and French on scientific English vocabulary. Through etymological analysis and historical research, the study investigates the origins and patterns of borrowing from these languages, particularly focusing on the Viking Age and the Norman Conquest as pivotal periods of linguistic exchange. The results reveal the enduring impact of Old Norse on fields such as geology and meteorology, as evidenced by terms like "fjord" and "geyser." Similarly, French contributions to scientific English vocabulary are evident in domains such as medicine, chemistry, and biology, with words like "anatomy" and "chemistry" reflecting this influence. By examining case studies and discussing commonalities and differences, the study highlights the dynamic evolution of scientific language and the interconnectedness of languages and cultures. Understanding these linguistic connections enriches scientific discourse and underscores the importance of historical context in language evolution.