MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ANEMIA AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS PREVENTION

Abstract

Anemia remains one of the most common and socially significant health problems worldwide. It is characterized by a deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, fatigue, weakened immunity, and impaired cognitive and physical performance. This article discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of anemia, as well as modern diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. The social and economic implications of anemia are also explored, particularly its negative impact on women’s reproductive health, children’s academic performance, and general labor productivity. The study emphasizes the importance of early detection, proper nutrition, iron supplementation, and community health education as key components of anemia prevention. The aim of this research is to propose an integrated approach to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve population health through medical, dietary, and educational measures.