VARIOUS SOCIETIES OF JADIDS IN TURKESTAN AND THEIR ACTIVITIES

Abstract

The Jadid movement in Turkestan, emerging during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, played a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and educational landscapes of the region under Russian colonial rule. Various societies formed by the Jadids—progressive intellectuals advocating for reform—aimed at modernizing education, promoting national identity, and challenging the constraints imposed by colonial authorities. These societies, such as "Umid," "Ghayrat," and "Mahalla," were instrumental in spreading progressive ideas, particularly in the domains of education and political awakening. This abstract explores the role of these various societies, their activities, and their lasting impact on the modernization of Turkestan and the broader Central Asian region.