GESTATIONAL DIABETES

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is defined as a hyperglycemia condition first recognized during pregnancy, is currently the most common medical complication of pregnancy. GDM affects approximately 15% of pregnancies worldwide, which is about 18 million births per year. Mothers with GDM are at risk of developing gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and termination of pregnancy by cesarean section. GDM increases the risk of complications, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and impaired carbohydrate metabolism, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in both the mother and the infant. The increasing incidence of GDM also leads to a significant economic burden and deserves more attention and awareness. A better understanding of risk factors and pathogenesis is becoming a necessity, with a particular focus on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosis, as well as effective treatments that can reduce perinatal and metabolic complications. The main treatments for GDM are diet and increased exercise. Insulin, glibenclamide and metformin can be used to intensify treatment.