Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Adolescence: How to Deal With it? (Overview)

Abstract

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)- iatrogenic pathology that occurs afterintroduction of a contrast agent into the body.Known links in the pathogenesis of CIN are direct toxic effects in the renal tissues and decreased hemodynamics in the kidney. Other mechanisms of CIN pathogenesis are still studied not enough. To date,but many definitions of CIN, the most common of which consider an increase in serum creatinine greater than 0.5 mg/dL or more than 25% of the original level, determined during the first 2-3 days after the introduction of con-trust substance. CIN is quite rare is in the general population of patients,wearing contrast studies, but many fold increases in groups of patients with initial kidney disease in diabetic patients and the elderly. Multiple risk factors greatly increases the chance of developing CIN. The best ways to prevent CIN consider active identification of patients with risk factors, and adequate periprocedural hydration. The role of various drugs in prevention of contrast-induced nephro-pathy is still debatable and suggests a further research. In this clinical practice for the prevention of CIN should be pre-read isosmolar and low osmolar contrast agents, strictly avoiding highly osmolar contrast agents in patients with impaired renal function, despite the ongoing discrepancies regarding the degree of nephro-toxicity of various contrast agents.