METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE EASTERN RENAISSANCE AND IDEOLOGICAL CONNECTION WITH PHILOSOPHY ABU RAYHAN BERUNI

Abstract

This article analyzes the methodological problems of anthropological thought that emerged in Central Asia during the Early Renaissance and explores their conceptual connection with the philosophy of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni. The scientific inquiries characteristic of this period were aimed at understanding human nature, studying its physical and spiritual dimensions, and interpreting intellectual and moral values on a philosophical basis. The article examines al-Biruni’s views on anthropology, his approach to the study of the human being from scientific, ethical, and religious perspectives, as well as the methodological foundations of these approaches. Furthermore, the development of anthropological thought is discussed through a comparative analysis of al-Biruni’s ideas alongside those of other prominent scholars of the Early Renaissance. The findings of the study underscore the continued relevance of al-Biruni’s intellectual legacy for contemporary anthropological and philosophical research.