THE COMPLEXITY OF HUMAN NATURE: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS, SOCIAL INFLUENCES, AND HISTORICAL ENERGETIC DYNAMICS

Abstract

This article examines the multifaceted nature of human existence through the lenses of biological determinism, sociocultural influences, and historical energetic dynamics. By engaging with key theories such as Malthusian population principles, sociobiology, social determinism, existential philosophy, and Lev Gumilev’s concept of passionarity, the article demonstrates that human identity and behavior cannot be reduced to a single explanatory model. Each theoretical framework highlights specific dimensions of human nature, yet none individually captures its full complexity. The article argues for an integrative perspective that considers genetic predispositions, social environment, cultural development, personal agency, and historical impulses as interwoven forces shaping human life.