SEMANTIC CHANGES IN ENGLISH WORDS: HISTORICAL AND MODERN PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

This article explores how the meanings of English words have changed over time, analyzing both historical developments and current trends. Semantic change – the evolution of word meanings – is a central aspect of language development. These changes occur due to cultural shifts, technological progress, social change, and linguistic processes. The paper discusses core types of semantic change – broadening, narrowing, amelioration, pejoration, and semantic shift – and supports each with historical and modern examples. Tables are provided to offer a clear classification and analysis of semantic developments. The study highlights how understanding semantic change benefits linguists, educators, and learners in grasping both the richness and complexity of the English language.