DETERMINING THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT AND IONIC ATMOSPHERE THICKNESS USING ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF SALTS ON GALLICONE

Abstract

In this research, the relationship between electrical conductivity (Ʌ) for strong electrolytes and ionic strength was explored using monovalent and trivalent strong electrolytes, such as Potassium Chloride (KCl) and Chromium(III) Chloride (CrCl3), in various ratios ranging from 0.1:0.2 to 0.1:0.6. The impact of these electrolytes on unsaturated aromatic compounds (gallicones), prepared from the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with 4-nitrobenzene, was observed, and their electrical conductivity was measured. It was inferred that conductivity increases incrementally with the use of KCl, whereas with CrCl3, the increase was consistent. From the measurements, ionic strength was calculated based on the relationship between ionic strength and electrical conductivity (Ʌ*I=F). Additionally, the activity coefficient was determined along with the thickness of the ionic atmosphere for the reaction. This relationship allows for the direct calculation of ionic strength by measuring the conductivity of any unknown sample and provides more accurate, straightforward, and less complex results. Furthermore, the order of the reaction was calculated and found to be second-order, from which the reaction rate constant was computed at each concentration. ZAZB was calculated using the Bronsted-Bjerrum relationship, indicating a negative value which suggests that the reaction progresses with an increase in the negative direction