ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF EMBANKMENT STABILITY IN EARTH DAMS UNDER VARIABLE HYDRAULIC LOADS

Abstract

This scientific article addresses the complex issue of embankment stability in earth dams subjected to variable hydraulic loads, a critical concern in geotechnical and hydraulic engineering. The study synthesizes theoretical models, field observations, laboratory experiments, and case studies to evaluate the behavior of earth dam embankments under fluctuating water levels caused by seasonal rainfall, reservoir operations, and extreme weather events. Unstable embankments not only jeopardize dam safety but also pose severe socio-economic and environmental threats. This research aims to identify the mechanisms of instability, analyze failure modes such as slope sliding, piping, and surface erosion, and propose effective measures for risk mitigation. Emphasis is placed on advanced slope stability analysis methods, including limit equilibrium methods, finite element modeling, and probabilistic risk assessment techniques. The article further explores the role of geosynthetic reinforcements, drainage enhancement, and real-time monitoring systems in strengthening embankment resilience. By reviewing global practices and highlighting recent improvements in Uzbekistan’s dam safety framework, the study outlines engineering strategies that balance performance, cost-efficiency, and sustainability. The findings contribute to the development of a comprehensive design and maintenance guideline for enhancing the hydraulic stability of earth dam embankments under dynamic loading conditions.