MONTESQUIEU'S LEGAL DOCTRINES AND ITS RELEVANCE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal doctrines of Charles Louis de Montesquieu as one of the key stages in the development of modern legal and constitutional thought. Particular attention is paid to his concept of the "spirit of laws", the historical-comparative method, the doctrine of the separation of powers, the theory of political freedom and criticism of despotism. It is shown that Montesquieu's approach went beyond abstract natural law constructions, substantiating law in historical, social, cultural and geographical conditions. His ideas laid the intellectual foundations of constitutionalism, the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law. The article also demonstrates the modern relevance of Montesquieu's teachings on the examples of reforms in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, where the constitutional separation of powers and ensuring political freedom implement the principles of the thinker in modern conditions.