SOLUTION PROPERTIES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW BIOLOGICAL SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Abstract

The solution properties and effectiveness of new biological surface active-substances obtained from microbial cultural liquids and medical plants have been investigated. It has been shown, that the stability of surfactant foams significantly determined by the interaction of surfactant molecules in the monolayer. The contact angles of biosurfactant water solutions on lipophilic surfaces have been investigated. It has been shown that the hydrophilisation of lipophilic surfaces by biosurfactant water solutions at low biosurfactant concentrations. At high biosurfactant concentrations the contact angles increased due to the orientation of biosurfactant molecules by their nonpolar groups towards the lipophilic surfaces. It has been established that the increase in the cosine of the contact angle at higher surfactant concentrations was associated with the lyophilization of the surfaces due to the formation of micelles on the surfaces. Field tests of new antimicrobial biological surfactants for plant seed growth on saline soils have been carried out. The obtained results showed, that the use of new biological surfactants ensures a good germination and growth of carrot seeds. The obtained positive results were associated with the antimicrobial and surface activity of the new biological surfactants. The positive effects of biological surfactants also connected with the optimization of the micronutrients and antistress elements intake into germinating seeds and increasing plant resistance. The use of new biosurfactants has been increased the plant resistance to various diseases, stimulates seeds germination in saline soils and unfavorable conditions.